Pfeffer, Kristina ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3680-0048, Larsen, Malte Nejst ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-7126, Heidler, Josef ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-6601, Møller, Trine Kjeldgaard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-9575, Tarantino, Giampiero ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9627-883X, Ntoumanis, Nikos ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7122-3795 and Krustrup, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-9838 (2025) The Long‐Term Effects of a Combined Physical Activity and Health Education Programme on Well‐Being for Socially Vulnerable Children and Adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 35 (11).

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Abstract

Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for the development of well‐being, yet declines are commonly observed, particularly among youth from low socio‐economic status backgrounds. This study examined the short‐term (3.5 months) and long‐term effects (16 months) on well‐being of a residential multicomponent health promotion intervention at the Danish Christmas Seal Homes (DCSH), with and without the addition of the 11 for Health (11fH) programme. A randomized crossover design compared a Standard group (DCSH, n = 237) to a Standard+ group receiving the residential stay plus 11fH (combined football and health education sessions, n = 244). Well‐being was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0 Generic) and KIDSCREEN‐27. Multilevel modeling evaluated changes in well‐being outcomes over time, accounting for repeated measurements nested within individuals. Participants in both groups reported well‐being scores at or above normative values post‐intervention, with these largely maintained at short‐ and long‐term follow‐ups. No significant group differences emerged over time. Physical Well‐being declined over time, while Physical Functioning improved at short‐term follow‐up, but the increase was not sustained at the long‐term follow‐up. Females reported lower scores than males across several domains, including Physical Functioning, Emotional Functioning, Physical Well‐being, and Psychological Well‐being. Older age and higher pre‐intervention scores were associated with lower well‐being improvements. The results suggest that health‐promoting interventions delivered in residential settings can help sustain well‐being for socially vulnerable children. Moreover, consistent sex differences point to the need for ongoing support and tailored approaches for females.

Trial Registration: This is a secondary analysis of a clinical trial, which has been registered on August 24, 2018: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03647007

Item Type:	Article
Status:	Published
DOI:	10.1111/sms.70171
School/Department:	School of Health Sciences
URI:	https://ray.yorksj.ac.uk/id/eprint/15904

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