Akintoye, Oluyemi Ayorinde, Obi, Comfort Nkazi, Etim, Okon Asuquo, Olorundami, Tokunbo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-4574, Ukata, Sammy Uka and Harrison, Edet Ubong (2014) Seasonal Variation in the Physico-chemical Characteristics of Surface Water in EtcheRiver, Niger Delta Area of Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 8 (7). 01-07.

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Abstract

Adopting the influence of situation approach, this study aims to unravel the reasons, why despite the large amount of funds expended by the Federal Government of Nigeria on the construction and provision of relatively modern facilities, the Calabar Sea Port has remained grossly underutilized. The analyses were very revealing, For instance the calabar port is located along a river, and is in fact a River Port. Thus there is the dire need for frequent dredging of the channel, and the use of pilot boats. Calabar Sea Port utilization is influenced by multidimensional factors, which sometimes can’t be adequately controlledby port management. The negative situations of the calabar seaport also include its non-linkage to North Eastern Nigeria, by railway, a benefit enjoyed by Portharcourt and Lagos Sea portsas regards their own hinterlands ;the poor connectivity of Calabar, to the Aba-Ikot Ekpene-Calabar road (linking Aba, Onitsha, Uyo , Asaba and Benin industrial areas) and the Ikom-Calabar road (linking the North-Eastern Nigeria area).Overhead metal barricades at the Ikom bridge hinders the movement of very high vehicles; the immediate hinterland of the port is also characterized by the lowest level of industrial activities, as well as some of the least paid civil servants in the country, resulting in low consumption levels ,in the distant hinterland area of North Eastern Nigeria , there are deep rooted religious and political imbroglios , the outcome of which are low productivity and large scale emigration; the Calabar Free Trade Zone (CFTZ) and Export Processing Zone (CEPZ)presently lack significant trickle-down effects for regional economic prosperity ; port piracy and encroachment by Portharcourt and surprisingly Lagos Sea Ports, have resulted in loss of patronage, even from South-eastern areas of Nigeria, and to an extent from Akwa Ibom state , invariably due to poor road connectivity and more rigorous scrutiny of imports. Along the Nigerian coastline, Calabar is not a thoroughfare to any English speaking country, or nation, with which Nigeria does much international trade. The suggested designation of Calabar sea port for large scale agricultural produce export, including, Cassava chips and pellets, will separate it from the neck-breaking competitions, with other Nigerian sea ports. It is expected to culminate, in the improvement of the level of sea port utilization and regional employment situations, while assisting in the diversification of national economy

Item Type:	Article
Status:	Published
DOI:	10.9790/2402-08710107
School/Department:	School of Humanities
URI:	https://ray.yorksj.ac.uk/id/eprint/11406

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